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Scientific literature and patient education texts
140 resources available:
Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy is an autoimmune condition that affects the eye tissue. The most common cause TED is Graves’ disease. 20% of cases occur six months prior to diagnosis. Hyperthyroidism is present in 40% of cases prior to and after diagnosis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Some patients diagnosed with TED may not have any symptoms, but at least half report symptoms:
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myBinderBeyond Bubble Baths: What Self-Care Means When You’re Chronically Ill
The Health Sessions
It’s the buzz word of the year: self-care.
You’ve probably seen the articles about why self-care isn’t selfish and the lists of activities you can do to look after yourself. The stories invoke images of massages and spa days, sipping vibrant veggie juices in trendy yoga outfits and snugging up with a blanket and a book in front of the fireplace.
But when your energy and mobility are limited, self-care becomes a lot less g...
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Hyperthyroidism (also known as an overactive thyroid) occurs when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone (thyroxine). Hyperthyroidism is relatively rare in childhood, occurring in about 1 in 5,000 children and adolescents. With the right diagnosis and management, hyperthyroidism is a treatable disease, and your child can go on to live a full, active, and enjoyable life. There are several possible causes of hyperthyroidism. Graves dis...
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Hyperthyroidism happens when a child’s thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than they need. The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and is located in the neck, just below Adam’s apple. Its job is to release thyroid hormone into the blood to control the body’s heart rate, temperature, and metabolism. An overactive thyroid gland can get big and it may look and feel like a lump in the throat, especially when the child swallows.
When the...
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What is Graves’ disease in children?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease. The immune system normally protects the body from germs with proteins called antibodies. But with an autoimmune disease, the body makes antibodies that attack its own tissues. With Graves’ disease, antibodies cause the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Excess thyroid hormone in the bloodst...
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myBinderLiving With a Thyroid Disorder: A Guide for Teenagers and Young Adults
British Thyroid Foundation Year: N/A
As you grow up it’s only natural to want to feel ‘normal’ and just to fit in with your friends. It can therefore be hard to accept that you have a medical condition that can mean you have to take daily medication. It is understandable that you may feel frustrated to have to miss school or work to attend regular doctors’ appointments, have blood tests, etc. In addition to this, there will be times when you may find it difficult to manag...
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210 resources available:
A case of thyroid storm caused by Graves’ disease misdiagnosed as panic attack due to panic disorder
BMC Year: 2021Graves’ disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism and its symptoms often overlap with those of panic disorder, which may make it difficult to distinguish between the two conditions. In this report, we describe how proper diagnosis of thyroid disease in patients with mental illness can lead to appropriate treatment.
myBinderSerum microRNA as a Potential Biomarker for the Activity of Thyroid Eye Disease
Scientific Reports Year: 2023
The aim of this study is to characterize the microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and identify miRNA biomarkers of disease activity. Total RNA was isolated from the sera of patients with TED (n = 10) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 5) using the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit. The NanoString assay was used for the comprehensive analysis of 798 miRNA expression profiles. Analysis of specific miRNA signature...
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The history of medicine often shows us that a novel idea is not as novel as it may first appear. This is the case with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). It was first described between 1040 and 1136 AD as a systemic disorder relating enlargement of the thyroid gland to exophthalmos. This concept of a systemic condition causing exophthalmos was later readdressed in greater detail by Parry (1786) and Graves (1835). The condition is named afte...
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myBinderSARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Graves’ Disease: A Report of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Year: 2022
Objective:
Thyroid autoimmunity has been reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recently. We report a series of patients who presented with new onset or relapse of Graves’ disease-related hyperthyroidism shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at a single tertiary institution in Singapore.
Me...
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Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It has an autoimmune basis with the activating thyrotropin-receptor antibodies inducing thyroid hormone overproduction. The most common manifestations of hyperthyroidism are weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, tremor, and palpitations, but there are several other symptoms and signs associated with this condition. We report a case of a young woman who presented in the emergency...
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Hyperthyroidism causes weight loss in the majority, but its effect is variable and 10% of patients gain weight. Its treatment usually leads to weight gain and some studies have reported an excess weight regain. However, there is considerable inter-individual variability and a differential effect on body weight by different treatments, with some studies reporting more weight increase with radioiodine, and perhaps surgery, compared with anti-thy...
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10 resources available:
Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association
Thyroid Year: 2022
Thyroid eye disease (TED) remains challenging for clinicians to evaluate and manage. Novel therapies have recently emerged, and their specific roles are still being determined. Most patients with TED develop eye manifestations while being treated for hyperthyroidism and under the care of endocrinologists. Endocrinologists, therefore, have a key role in diagnosis, initial management, and selection of patients who require referral to specialist...
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myBinderManagement of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association
European Thyroid Journal
Thyroid eye disease (TED) remains challenging for clinicians to evaluate and manage. Novel therapies have recently emerged, and their specific roles are still being determined. Most patients with TED develop eye manifestations while being treated for hyperthyroidism and under the care of endocrinologists. Endocrinologists, therefore, have a key role in diagnosis, initial management, and selection of patients who require referral to specialist...
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myBinderEffects of Treatment Modalities for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism on Graves’ Orbitopathy: A 2015 Italian Society of Endocrinology Consensus Statement
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation Year: 2015
Graves’ disease is the most frequent form of hyperthyroidism in iodine sufficient countries, and Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is its most important and common extrathyroidal manifestation, affecting about 25 % of patients. Although GO is generally mild and rarely progressive, thyroid dysfunction, both hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism, can influence its course. GO has been reported to improve after correction of hyperthyroidism with antithyr...
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myBinderThe 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy
European Thyroid Journal Year: 2016
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease, though severe forms are rare. Management of GO is often suboptimal, largely because available treatments do not target pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Treatment should rely on a thorough assessment of the activity and severity of GO and its impact on the patient’s quality of life. Local measures (artificial tears, ointments and dark glasses) and control...
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myBinderThe Brazilian Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism: Recommendations by the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Year: 2013
Introduction:
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome resulting from excessive circulating thyroid hormones, secondary to hyperthyroidism or due to other causes. This article describes evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of thyrotoxicosis.
Objective:
This...
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myBinder2018 European Thyroid Association Guideline for the Management of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism
European Thyroid Journal Year: 2018
Graves’ disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the infiltration of thyroid antigen-specific T cells into thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R)-expressing tissues. Stimulatory autoantibodies (Ab) in GD activate the TSH-R leading to thyroid hyperplasia and unregulated thyroid hormone production and secretion. Diagnosis of GD is straightforward in a patient with biochemically confirmed thyrotoxicosis, positive TSH-...
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Prevention of Overt Hypothyroidism Following Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Graves’ Disease By Early Initiation of Levothyroxine Therapy: Interim Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial
Endocrine Society Year: 2015
Background:
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is the most common method of treating Graves’ disease (GD) in the United States. The current practice is to reevaluate these patients 2-3 months after RAI. The majority are hypothyroid by that time with some experiencing related troublesome symptoms and possible development or worsening of Graves’ orbitopathy. We initiated this randomized controlled trial (RCT) to d...
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myBinderChanging Trend in Diagnostic Methods for Graves’ Disease: Is an Immunological Diagnosis Preferred?
Endocrine Society Year: 2015
The diagnosis of Graves’ disease (GD) is traditionally based on the clinical features of persisting hyperthyroidism, enlarged thyroid gland, and often the presence of ophthalmopathy. However, when the clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis is not diagnostic of GD, the 2011 American Thyroid Association guideline recommends “a radioactive iodine uptake scan should be performed”. Although it is long recognized that Thyrotropin (TSH) recept...
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There are three effective treatments for Graves Disease (GD): thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine, and antithyroid drugs. These options differ in their efficacy, safety, convenience, and costs; none is clearly superior to the others for all patients. Practice patterns, however, suggest that patients are more likely to receive a particular mode of therapy depending on where they receive care. This inconsistency of practice suggests that GD patien...
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myBinderInsulin Resistance, Lipoprotein Profile, Homocysteine, Folate, Vitamin B12, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Insulin Resistance in Graves’ Disease
Endocrine Society Year: 2015
Introduction:
It is possible that the higher cardiovascular risk in Graves’ disease (GD) may be due not only to hemodynamic changes induced by the hyperthyroid state, but also to alterations in the cardiovascular risk factor profile.
Aim:
The aim of our study is to evaluate the association between thyroid function in GD and lipoprotein profile, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, high-se...
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Introduction:
The cardiovascular system function is modulated by thyroid hormone levels. The antibodies involved in Graves’ disease are central to the pathophysiological consequences of the disease but the impact of their evolution over time is still an area of interest.
Aim:
To evaluate the relationship between thyroid function, autoimmunity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk...
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Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). According to Rundle’s curve, GO is characterized by an initial phase of increasing activity (inflammatory phase), a severity peak, and a stable plateau phase (fibrotic phase). This overview has an implication in GO therapeutics. Different patterns that are still distinct from Rundle’s curve have not yet been described.
There were 5...
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The Perfect Storm: A Case of Thyrotoxic Crisis Masking as Altered Mental Status in the South Bronx
Cureus, Inc. Year: 2022
Thyrotoxic crisis better known as thyroid storm is a rare life-threatening endocrine emergency that is the result of dysregulated hypermetabolic state caused by excessive production and release of thyroid hormones compromising multiple organ systems. Unfortunately, this condition carries significant mortality depending on whether the thyroid storm was associated with thyrotoxicosis. Early recognition and treatment are paramount to survival. He...
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A healthy 52-year-old woman has had persistent palpitations recently. Serum TSH is < 0.02 mIU/mL (reference, 0.3-4.7 mIU/mL), free T4 is 5.70 ng/dL (reference, 0.8-1.7 ng/dL), and free triiodothyronine (T3) is 1920 pg/dL (reference, 222-383 pg/nL). She has fine bilateral hand tremors and sinus tachycardia. How do we work up this new diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis?
This is one of the most common consults we receive. Thyroid antibodies m...
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myBinderStudy of RVT-1401 for the Treatment of Patients With Moderate to Severe Active Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
U.S. National Library of Medicine Year: 2021
The purpose of the current study is to confirm safety/tolerability and key pharmacodynamic (PD) effects that are considered to drive clinical benefit in GO patients.
Primary Outcome Measure:
• Assessment of safety by analysis of adverse events (AEs) data [ Time Frame: 7 Weeks ] AE summaries of the number and percent of participants reporting each event at least once will be generated. Other saf...
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Brief Summary:
This study is being done to investigate the effects (good and bad) of Rituximab for the treatment of an autoimmune eye disease called Graves’ ophthalmopathy. This disease has proven to be difficult to treat. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that depletes a line of cells involved in the autoimmune response. The study hypotheses is that rituximab is effective in the treatment of patients with moderate to...
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myBinderMost Patients With Graves’ Disease Treated With Antithyroid Drugs Eventually Require Additional Therapies
American Thyroid Association Year: 2020
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). It usually affects people between 30-60 years of age and is much more common in women than men. Patients with Graves’ disease, often have enlarged thyroids (goiter) and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). There are three main options to treat Graves’ disease: antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine therapy and surgery.
The most common ATDs in use are...
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Early Symptoms
TED can first present with signs or symptoms such as sensitivity to light, a feeling of grittiness in the eyes, excessive tearing, eye pain, or dry eyes. However, these symptoms are often confused with other conditions, such as allergies or dry eye symptoms. Evidence shows that even these first, seemingly mild symptoms can negatively affect patient quality of life. Overlooking them can lead to unnecessary...
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